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Table 1 Intestinal Permeability Enhancers (Aungst 2012; Whitehead et al. 2008; Maher et al. 2009)

From: Considerations and recommendations on traditional and non-traditional uses of excipients in oral drug products

Chemical Class

Molecule

Bile Salts

Sodium cholate/deoxycholate

Non-ionic surfactants

Cremophor EL/RH40, Solutol-HS-15, TPGS, Tween 80

Ionic surfactants

Phospholipids (lecithin)

Stearylamine, cetyl phosphate

Lauroyl- and palmitoyl-carnitine chloride

Sodium lauryl sulfate

Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate

Fatty acids/salts

Oleic Acid, sodium caprylate, sodium caprate

Glycerides (C8/10)

Capmul MCM, Labrasol

Polymers

Chitosan, polycarbophil, starch, carrageenan

Other

Sodium salicylate, N-methylpiperazine