Table 1 Commonly used primary and secondary components for preparing EMLs

Primary components

Triglycerides

 Tristearin

 Tripalmitin

 Trilaurin

 Triolein

Hard fats

 Compritol 888 ATO (CA)

 Stearic acid

 Glyceryl monostearate (GMS)

Phospholipids

 Soybean phosphatidylcholine (Soya PC)

 Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)

 Phospholipon 90G (P90G)

 Phospholipon 80H (P80H)

 Phospholipon 90H (P90H)

 Lipoid S100

Alhakamy et al. 2020; Vyas et al. 2006; El-Zaafarany et al. 2016; Zakaria et al. 2022a; Malviya 2021; Sahu and Kori 2022)

Bolat et al. 2020; Pal et al. 2012; Yilmaz et al. 2020; El-Zaafarany et al. 2016; Abo El-Enin et al. 2022; Ucisik et al. 2015a; Fahmy et al. 2020; Awan et al. 2020; Alhakamy et al. 2021)

Vyas et al. 2006; Zhou and Chen 2015; Abo El-Enin et al. 2022)

El-Zaafarany et al. 2016; Zakaria et al. 2022a; El-Zaafarany et al. 2018)

Paliwal et al. 2009a; El-Zaafarany et al. 2016; Zakaria et al. 2022a; Abo El-Enin et al. 2022; Chandrika and Babu 2014; Aldawsari et al. 2021)

Sujitha and Muzib 2020)

Kamel et al. 2022; Kapadia et al. 2020)

Abo El-Enin et al. 2022; Rabaan et al. 2022)

Bolat et al. 2020; Yilmaz et al. 2020; Kapadia et al. 2020)

Sawant et al. 2016)

Kamel et al. 2022)

Fahmy et al. 2020; Awan et al. 2020; Alhakamy et al. 2021)

Alhakamy et al. 2020)

Secondary components

Steroids

 Cholesterol

Surfactants

 Tween 80

 Brij52 (polyoxyethylene (2) cetyl ether)

 Hexa-decylamine

 Sodium Deoxycholate

Charge inducers

 Stearylamine

 Chitosan

 Trimethylchitosan (TMC)

Antioxidant

 Butylated hydroxy toluene

Zhou and Chen 2015; Fahmy et al. 2020; Sujitha and Muzib 2020; Kommana and Babu 2016; Gill and Nanda 2020)

Zhou and Chen 2015; El-Zaafarany et al. 2016; Abo El-Enin et al. 2022; El-Zaafarany et al. 2018; Chandrika and Babu 2014; Raza et al. 2013)

Zakaria et al. 2022a)

Ucisik et al. 2013a)

Kommana and Babu 2016)

Malviya 2021; Gill and Nanda 2020)

El-Zaafarany et al. 2016)

Abo El-Enin et al. 2022)

Kommana and Babu 2016)