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Table 3 Three-month assessment of microbial death at 15 s for alcohol solutions at different electrolyte concentrations

From: Designing an ideal alcohol-based hand sanitizer: in vitro antibacterial responses of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol solutions to changing composition

NaCl conc. (N)	Alcohol	Microbial death (%)
		S. aureus		E. coli
		Fresh	3 months	Fresh	3 months
0.05	Ethanol	88.11 ± 0.93	83.33 ± 0.93*	54.19 ± 0.86	31.06 ± 2.19*
0.05	Isopropyl alcohol	96.45 ± 0.93^†	93.87 ± 0.57*^†	98.98 ± 0.34a^†	95.69 ± 0.86*^†
0.10	Ethanol	93.63 ± 0.77	90.81 ± 0.64*	88.89 ± 0.71	75.62 ± 0.86*
0.10	Isopropyl alcohol	94.73 ± 1.12	92.28 ± 0.74*	91.61 ± 0.86a^†	88.09 ± 1.80*^†
0.20	Ethanol	100.00 ± 0.00	98.65 ± 0.56	98.41 ± 0.52	96.49 ± 0.52
0.20	Isopropyl alcohol	94.24 ± 0.56^†	87.26 ± 0.93*^†	100.00 ± 0.00^†	96.94 ± 0.68*

Values represent means ± SD. Values with * indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) from fresh sample for the same alcohol/electrolyte/organism. Values ^† indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) from ethanol for the same electrolyte/organism/test time. N = 3

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