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Table 5 Three-month assessment of microbial death at 15 s for alcohol solutions containing different carbomer concentrations

From: Designing an ideal alcohol-based hand sanitizer: in vitro antibacterial responses of ethanol and isopropyl alcohol solutions to changing composition

Carbomer conc. (%)

Alcohol

Microbial death (%)

S. aureus

E. coli

Fresh

3 months

Fresh

3 months

1

Ethanol

47.55 ± 0.93

32.84 ± 0.92*

74.38 ± 0.86

67.80 ± 0.52*

Isopropyl alcohol

43.75 ± 0.74†

39.46 ± 0.93*†

71.88 ± 0.71†

63.16 ± 0.52*†

2

Ethanol

33.21 ± 0.77

29.04 ± 1.32*

43.43 ± 1.04

57.93 ± 1.19*

Isopropyl alcohol

38.60 ± 0.74†

36.27 ± 0.93*†

67.12 ± 0.52†

57.03 ± 0.71*

3

Ethanol

19.85 ± 1.11

25.25 ± 2.03*

37.98 ± 0.86

47.05 ± 0.98*

Isopropyl alcohol

31.74 ± 0.56†

30.88 ± 0.98†

57.82 ± 1.23†

52.95 ± 0.52*†

  1. Values represent means ± SD. Values with * indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) from fresh sample for the same alcohol/carbomer/organism. Values with † indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05) from ethanol for the same test time/carbomer/organism. N = 3