Understanding the implication of Kawakita model parameters using in-die force-displacement curve analysis for compacted and non-compacted API powders

AAPS Open

Table 1 Kawakita parameters (P_k and a) and tablet hardness values measured upon compression of non-compacted (BC) and compacted (AC) drug powders using the Gamlen Tablet Press. Bulk density was measured for BC and AC powders prior to compression

Drug	P_k, BC	P_k, AC	% Change in P_k	a, BC	a, AC	% Change in a	Hardness, N, BC	Hardness, N, AC	Bulk density, g/mL, BC	Bulk density, g/mL, AC
Mebeverine	4.78±0.042	10.02±0.13	+ 109.6	0.771±0.01	0.561±0.01	− 27.2	29.1±2	58±4	0.273±0.05	0.517±0.06
Metronidazole	5.608±0.057	8.687±0.09	+54.9	0.504±0.06	0.492±0.01	− 2.4	10±3	10±2	0.681±0.07	0.685±0.08
Norfloxacin	15.584±0.011	14.031±0.32	− 9.96	0.581±0.03	0.515±0.04	− 11.4	64.8±5	52.15±3	0.584±0.03	0.658±0.07
Metformin	15.047±0.012	8.061±0.13	− 46.42	0.629±0.01	0.546±0.01	− 13.2	51±3	43±2	0.509±0.04	0.542±0.04
Ciprofloxacin	4.842±0.018	9.566±0.20	+97.56	0.838±0.04	0.569±0.03	− 32.1	47.5±5	145±4	0.239±0.06	0.559±0.03
Secnidazole	2.476±0.032	6.182±0.08	+123.0	0.665±0.02	0.532±0.02	− 20.0	37±3	25.7±2	0.428±0.07	0.617±0.04

P_k, a, hardness, and bulk density data are shown as a mean of 3 repetitions, 3 repetitions, 10 tablets, and 5 repetitions, respectively, ± the standard deviation
BC before compaction, AC after compaction